Saturday, March 7, 2009

Walking Through Walls

This article may not be relevant for most projects but it is still terribly interesting. Weizman examines the Israel Defense Forces' adoption of a new technique for urban warfare in which they avoid streets, sidewalks, alleys, doors, stairwells and windows completely. Instead they have developed a system of moving straight through housing units, in an attempt to "smooth out" the "striated space" of the urban city/refugee camp. All of the military theorists are well versed in post-structuralist theory and use it to analyze and inform their strategies. Definitely worth reading all the way through.

http://eipcp.net/transversal/0507/weizman/en


Some choice quotes:

"Rather than submitting to the authority of conventional spatial boundaries, movement became constitutive of space, and space was constituted as an event. It was not the order of space that governed patterns of movement but movement that produced and practiced space around it. The three-dimensional movement through walls, ceilings, and floors across the urban bulk reinterpreted, short-circuited, and recomposed both architectural and urban syntax. The tactics of “walking-through-walls” involved a conception of the city as not just the site, but as the very medium of warfare – a flexible, almost liquid matter that is forever contingent and in flux."

"Like a worm that eats its way forward, emerging at points and then disappearing. We were thus moving from the interior of homes to their exterior in a surprising manner and in places we were not expected, arriving from behind and hitting the enemy that awaited us behind a corner."

"In addition to these theoretical positions, Naveh references such canonical elements of urban theory as the Situationist practices of dérive and détournement. These ideas were conceived as part of a general approach meant to challenge the built hierarchy of the capitalist city. They aimed to break down distinctions between private and public, inside and outside, use and function, to replace private space with a “borderless” public surface. Naveh made references to the work of Georges Bataille as well, who also spoke of a desire to attack architecture: his call to arms was meant to dismantle the rigid rationalism of a postwar order, to escape “the architectural straitjacket,” and to liberate repressed human desires."

"The assumption of low-intensity conflict, as articulated by Arquilla and Ronfeldt, is that “it takes a network to combat a network." An urban combat is thus not the action of a living force upon a lifeless mass, but the collision of two networks. As they adapt, mimic and learn from each other, the military and the guerrilla enter a cycle of “co-evolution.” Military capabilities evolve in relation to resistance, which itself evolves in relation to transformations in military practice. However, claims for total breakdown of vertical hierarchies in contemporary militaries are largely exaggerated. Beyond the rhetoric of “self-organization” and “flattening of hierarchy,” military networks are still largely nested within traditional institutional hierarchies. Non-linear swarming is performed at the very tactical end of an inherently hierarchical system."

"Following this logic Naveh claimed that “whatever line they [the politicians] could agree upon – there they should put the fence [Wall]. This is okay with me . . .but as long as I can cross this fence. What we need is not to be there, but […] to act there. […] Withdrawal is not the end of the story.” In this respect, the large “state wall” is conceptualized in similar terms to the house wall – as a transparent and permeable medium that could allow the Israeli military to “smoothly” move through and across it."

"According to Hannah Arendt, the political realm of the Greek city was guaranteed by these two kinds of walls (or wall-like laws): the wall surrounding the city, which defined the zone of the political; and the walls separating private space from the public domain, ensuring the autonomy of the domestic realm. “The one harbored and enclosed political life as the other sheltered and protected the biological life process of the family.”

Monday, March 2, 2009

The Precursor to the Super Soldier

An interesting YouTube video of a news report. The report covers an exoskeleton being developed that will augment the strength and stamina of humans, and, as the project progresses, afford protection and even autonomy in battle.

Sunday, February 15, 2009

Notes....

BIG IDEA: creation of rhetoric and its internalization

how does guantanamo create rhetoric
what is the effect of this in terms of energy expended, internalization of the rhetoric created, how does this effect mission?

this can be used then to predict the changes in guantanamo after the terrorism program is changed.

deal with military camp - contested space (enemy soil).
obama's new administration: new diplomacy
what are cuban labor laws? cuba: appropriate place to place manufacturing?
advantage? readily available, skilled workforce
control point to filter american capitalist interests
specificity about user groups: examples... case studies
what aspects of perceptual construction?
physical presence and potential trajectory
THIS perception constructed THIS way.

CASE STUDY:
david hicks: governmental charade (australian government complicit)

lack of procedural fairness:
the possibility of evidence obtained by coercion
possibility of hearsay evidence
the evidence would have probative value for a reasonable person
severe pain and suffering: bodily injury involving a substantial risk of eath, extreme physical pain, physical disfiguration of a serious nature, significant loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.
serious mental pain and suffering: the intentional or threatened administration of mind-altering substances or procedures, the threat of imminent death, or the threat that another person will be subjected to the same.
prisoner must demonstrate that evidence was unreliable or lacking probative value

some of the crimes that detainees are being charged with did not exist when war crimes were internationally approved
not legally war crimes
"murder of persons in violation of the law of war"
loss of privileged combatant status renders every act aof belligerency an act of war
operational law handbook: states that such persons must be tried by captor state in their own courts.

guilty plea means evidence need not be tendered in court > no speculation about who was supplying evidence, whether they are reliable, etc.

credibility <--> rhetoric <--> effect

military perceptual creation:
wrangle for money > exaggerate accomplishments of base
personnel counts at guantanamo (not directed towards hierarchy)
tours of duty extended to up personnel counts
SOP: elaborate rules and procedures
provide material proof of compliance and have immaterial things done that negate it
calls things different names (deflate suicide count)

Facade method:
rules and procedures that aren't followed
show VIPs useless paper
Call things different things:
deflate suicide count
call hunger strike voluntary fasting
mindless work:
get MPs to think they are doing useful things
get interrogators to interrogate detainees about useless information

why do they use certain methods for certain things?
mindless work is for inferiors with brains--distract them, make them feel important, create useless documentation for facade method
facade is for outsiders and a little bit for the soldiers
call things different things is for outsiders

the first two waste a lot of time and energy:
the facade method is essentially double the energy: construct the image and then destroy it with actions
the mindless work is exponentially related to effect because the effect is null and the energy is quite considerable

the third changes definitions, it is very efficient with energy versus effect. it is probably the least internalized.

WHAT IS THE BIG IDEA?
multiple layers of constructing an image. the effects on REALITY are negligible.

energy <--> rhetoric <--> substance
image created

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

The Fearsome Cactus Curtain

A Time magazine article from the 60's that discusses the entrenched American forces at Gitmo.

Image?

History of Guantanamo Bay

Hey, I found a three volume intensive history of Guantanamo Bay that should help us construct our maps according to the timeline.

https://www.cnic.navy.mil/Guantanamo/AboutGTMO/gtmohistgeneral/gtmohistmurphy/gtmohistmurphyvol1/gtmohistmurphyvol1ch23/gtmohistmurphyvol1ch23

Monday, January 26, 2009

Heavily Detailed Maps

Found some maps, some we have, some we don't.

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

Information on the Base

Here are links with information in regards to the installations on the base.

Lassiter Fuel Farms

Gold Hill Barracks

Wharves and Piers, link is about evasion of threats (tropical storms) and strategies for the best course of action.
Timeline of Guantanamo Bay, Landmarks and Roads

Guantanamo Public Schools - The Better Place To Be

After a forehead slap and a groan, I stumbled upon a treasure trove of information on the general infrastructure of the GTMO military base from none other than Google Maps. As we plotted the locations on the KIP print map, we noticed that there was a high school and an elementary school.

This is their school website.

It's surreal to see what the kids that go to W.T. Sampson Elementary and High School will be having for lunch next month.

Spatialized Indistinction of Omnipresence

Guantanamo is the principle object.
The following is an excerpt from “Zones of Indistinction – Security, Terror, and Bare Life” in Territories 2003 p. 42
“The building should be visible from all over town, preferably built on a small mountain. It should be non-transparent and dark. As the prisoners internalized the gaze of authority, the citizens would internalize the risk of imprisonment. The ban could strike all – again, sovereignty reins in potentia, omnipresent yet not necessarily real or actual. “It is the apparent punishment, therefore that does all the service, I mean in the way of example, which is the principle object. It is the real punishment that does all the mischief.” (Bentham 1988: 170; quoted in Bozovic 1995: 4)”

The Other Side

This is a photo gallery of the military base at Gitmo.

Come see the softer side of fear.

Waterslides?!

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

hi-res aerial photos

here are some photos for your reference. christina and i are producing a working line drawing of the site which will be posted asap.

entire US naval base















Headquarters/Military Personnel















Headquarters (larger scale)















Leeward Ferry

A couple of interesting drawings...

This is a good map which illustrates the transfer and movement of detainees around the world

I have also included below, a map illustrating where the chapel, hospital, base headquarters, cemetery, and ferry landing are located

Standard Operating Procedure

Here is a forensic comparison and analysis of the 2003 and 2004 Standard Operating Procedure manuals for Guantanamo Bay. The manuals are printed side-by-side for direct comparison, with text that has been changed/added/eliminated highlighted.

Military Might

This is a smattering of a post, with a bit of information on a variety of topics.

A website containing the locations (known of course) of military bases, domestic and foreign.

http://themilitaryzone.com/military_bases.html
http://www.themilitaryzone.com/bases/guantanamo.html
http://www.nps.gov/history/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/BasesMilitaryMAP.htm

Interestingly, here is a website on the definitions of the word "terrorism".

http://www.raceandhistory.com/cgi-bin/forum/webbbs_config.pl/noframes/read/284
http://www.answers.com/topic/terrorism

From answers.com
The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons."

Using terror to get what you want. Scare tactics. Terror-ism.

Of course, in this particular definition which differs from the official FBI definition is the use of implied violence, or the threat of violence. Threatening to use violence, according to the answers.com definition, is just as much an act of terrorism as actually performing the act.

"Unlawful" seems to be the key word here - which is why Gitmo is such a gray area. What law is the detainee camp required to follow?

http://lifeloom.com/III1Godwin.htm
An account of the Mardi Gras effect, with regards to the internet phenomenon of anonymity. Essentially a definition, and considers the phenomenon as "wearing a mask".

Monday, January 19, 2009

Let's play a guessing game.

Guess who, what, when, and why in this video. The "where" is Guantanamo Bay.

Hint: they're not terrorists.

The article from which I took the link is here.

Hello from zip code 09360.

Yes, Guantanamo Bay even has its own zip code, despite not being legally owned by the United States.

Post questions if you want more information about a specific camp, or if anything is unclear. I do not know where these are spatially on the site, because I have been focusing on the history and political formation of GB. Camp America, America North, and Bulkeley are independent of Camp Delta, the primary detention facility (see previous post. Echo and Iguana are part of Camp Delta.

Camp America + Bulkeley Camp America formerly housed US military personnel and civilian contractors working at Guantanamo Bay, consisting primarily of “sea huts” which have replaced the tents formerly used on the site. The sea huts are currently used for storage, administrative, and medical purposes. The camp also contains command post operations and the “downtown”: internet café, souvenir shop, three fast-food outlets, an outdoor movie theater, a Jamaican restaurant, Club Survivor, and a general store/mini-mart. A new gym is located nearer Camp Delta.

Camp America North Current housing camp for base personnel, construction beginning 2002 for North I and 2003 for North II. Contains hard-roof prefabricated housing units for eight residents with kitchenettes and indoor toilets. Additional camp common spaces for personnel.

Camp Echo Camp for pre-commissions detainees, selected for Military Commission by the President. Allows for private access to lawyers. Not solitary confinement; each block building has a steel cage inside with a restroom and table for conversations/interrogations, guarded 24 hours a day by MPs.

Camp Iguana Lower-security facility for juvenile detainees (13 to 15 years old). Comprised of single-story blockhouses divided up into units with a bedroom, living room, bathroom, and kitchenette, with amenities administered as a rewards system (London Sunday Times). Three Afghan juveniles confirmed to have been held at Camp Iguana; they were released in 2004 after widespread international criticism. It is estimated that as many as 40 detainees are currently juveniles, and others were under the age of 18 when they were captured. There is no reported criticism of the treatment of the children detained; criticism has focused primarily on the lack of a prompt determination/trial.

Camp Iguana is currently used to hold those detainees with N-LEC status – “No Longer Enemy Combatants.” The fear is that these detainees may face imprisonment, torture, and other forms of persecution if they are repatriated to their home countries; therefore allowing them to remain at Camp Iguana under protection is considered the safest and most humane alternative for now.

Edit #1 -- This is the oldest article in the NY Times archives that references Guantanamo.

Edit #2 -- The press kit issued to reporters arriving at the base back in 2002, shortly after the decision by President Bush to use the base to house detainees of the war on terror, and the arrival of the first detainees.

Friday, January 16, 2009

The basics - Camp Delta

For reference, here are brief descriptions of the seven numbered camps on the base. I have more research to do on Echo, Iguana, etc. But hopefully this basic outline helps for reference points, because the names appear frequently in news articles. More later tonight . . .

Camp Delta Began construction 27 February 2002. Built on Radio Range, former site of Haitian refugee camps. First 408 detention units completed middle of April, camp occupied April 28-29 by transfers from Camp X-Ray, which was immediately closed down. Initially a 612-unit facility; each unit is 8ft x 6ft-8 in x 8 ft of metal mesh. Security force is the U.S. Army Military Police. Camp has “at least 7 detention camps” (GlobalSecurity.org): Camps 1-6 and Echo. Camp 7 is not discussed or listed as existing, but is most likely used for the detainees deemed most dangerous and most valuable, to be kept unavailable to the public eye.

Camp 1 Moved to Camp 1 from 2 with additional cooperation. Lights are on 24 hours a day, no air conditioning, although exhaust fans are left on. Tan uniforms and canvas sneakers. Comfort items include toothbrush; toothpaste; soap; shampoo; flip-flops; underwear, shorts, pants, and shirt; empty paper cup which is taken away if used for anything other than drinking water. Holds approximately 31% of Delta detainees.

Camp 2 Moved to Camp 2 from 3 when show cooperation and “help to develop intelligence.” Orange uniforms. Holds approximately 9% of Delta detainees. No toilet paper except by request; allowed small comfort items (shampoo, soft plastic pens).

Camp 3 Highest level maximum security facility. First point of arrival for all detainees before transferred elsewhere on site. Orange uniforms. Holds approximately 10% of Delta detainees at any given time. Not allowed toilet paper except by request when needed.

Camp 4 Medium-security facility which received its first 20 occupants 28 Feb 2003. Detainees are allowed to eat, sleep, and pray together. White uniforms. Comfort items include writing material; personal storage locker; books; electric fans in the cell bays; ice water; full roll of toilet paper. Communal game/recreation rooms and open spaces. Allowed supplemental food items i.e. yellow cheese, Fig Newtons, figs, peanut butter. Holds approximately 34% of Delta detainees.

Camp 5 Two-story maximum security complex for 100 most dangerous and valuable detainees. Modeled after the Miami Correctional Facility in Bunker Hill, IN. Surrounded by barbed wire and green sheet to restrict views. Run from a raised, glass-enclosed centralized control tower. The facility is entirely computer-controlled, from movement of detainees to the operation of the showers. All rooms are monitored by cameras 24/7. Central air conditioning. Holds approximately 16% all detainees.

Camp 6 Newest permanent facility modeled on the Lenawee County Jail in southeastern Michigan to hold 200 prisoners, built by Halliburton. Opened after statements by the administration indicating an intention to close the prison, causing global controversy as to motivations. Original intent in building was to ease the harsh living conditions of Delta for compliant detainees; shift to maximum security after hunger strikes and three detainee suicides, general refocus on long-term accommodation of detainees who will not be charged with crimes. Changes include fenced-in catwalks and stairways; higher shower stalls; division of exercise yards into one-man pens; disuse of communal eating areas.

Camp 7 Not discussed by the military, existence confirmed February 2008. Holds 15 highest-value detainees and is policed by special unit Task Force Platinum. Access permitted only for top officials at Guantanamo Bay; for the Red Cross; and possibly for two lawyers for one of the detainees. Location on the base is classified; facility may have existed prior to the arrival of the first Afghan detainees. Camp operations are run by the Central Intelligence Agency, the only camp on site of which this is true. Check out the first announcement article by the Miami Herald.

Thursday, January 15, 2009

one thought that lingers

from today's discussion, when stephanie mentioned that Guantanamo historically was used as a refugee camp (towards more humanitarian and progressive ends)....it is interesting to think about how the same idea of exception could play out w/ different intentions and 'forms.' Janus-like as it may be, it seems that the camp, perhaps as an isolated heterotopic condition, fosters and perpetuates certain characteristics in how it operates and how it exists territorially in our consciousness. Can Gitmo be reconsidered, or is it inherently its defining character as a military base? At a distance and a conceptual symbol for other forsaken aspects of our society. How does that affect the trajectory of our reprogramming? What are the terms we're working with? Keep that in mind for next week's reading on camps from the 3rd part of Homo Sacer. Similar to how we attempted to define today the definition of terrorism, define specifically the terms of Gitmo. What are we dealing with?

By the way, do you guys think this is a studio on terror or is it aiming for post-terror? Is that even possible? or are we still in the time of terror?